Benjamin oldfield and edwin oldfield



@eine gisten stent 'ffice Vllhldhhblll OLD'FELD A'N'D EDW'IN OLDFIELD, 0F NEWARK, JERSEY. Lettera PatentNo. 73,374, dated January 14, v18.68;' antedated January-4, 1368.,

rnrsovsnenr In Looms.

il-tgt tlntnlennmh .to iu .ligue tutes normaliter, nett st the smtecl T ALL'WHOM IT MAY CONCERN: Y s

Be it known that we, BnnJAsixw OLDrrnLD and EDWIN OLDrx'nLn, both of Newark, in the county of Essex, und Stnteot' New Jersey, have invented ofnew and useful'lmprovement in Looms;l "and we do hereby declare that the following is u full, cleanund exact description thereof, which will ennble those skilled in the art to make und use the some, reference being had to the accompanyingdrawing, forming n part of this specification, in whichv Figure -1 represents a. sectionaly front elevationv of this invention, of section.

Figure 2 is a, plan or top view of the sumet Figure 3 is a, sectional sido elevation ofthe harness-motion, the line yy,

Figure 4 is un end view of the sume, showing the harness-motion.

Figure 5 -is o. similar View thereof, showing the shuttle-motion and the'stop-motiou.

The remaining figures nre details, which will be referred toasthc description progresses.

l y Thisinvention relates tocertain improvement-s in the shuttle, the shuttlednotion, the betten, and the harnessmotion, which improvemen'ts'ure applicable te looms of any description, bifsgt'purticulorly to such looms on which a number ofpieccs nrc woven smultanecusly.- Y I The shuttle S is constructed, by preference, menus, whereby the weighto't the shuttle und the the line :c ze, g. 2, indicating the plane of metalplates-A, which ure united by solder or other suitable cost of 4 its construction are materially reduced. AIt' desired,

with bearings to receive the centres; on which ther'eel R turns, in controLdistinctionA` to shuttles of the ordinary gonstructiornin which n long quill'is used,` which is secured in the end of the shuttle. I

From the ends of our shuttle S project pins i, 'which may bev square or round, and which serve to support the shuttle either' in e. horizontal or'in un upright position'.A Byusing these pins we are enabled to dispense with the grooves and tongues generally used in shuttles of looms on which a number of' pieces are woven simultaneously, and the construction of the shuttle and tbatof the batteri is mnterinllycheepened sind simplified. The pins 6 are nrade hollow, so as to receive the tension-spring c, which bears on the surface of the thread wound on the reel. By these means seid tension-springjis readily applied,` it can be easily changed to suit the nature ot the work to be produced, und it regulates itself nutomaticallywhen the loom is in operation, according to the varying diameter of the roll of thread wound on the reel. I

In combination withtbe tension-spring c, we have applied 'n brake, c?, which acts on the circumference of thevrecl, and wbich'also overlaps the'to'p edge'cf-the reeLnud prevents it being thrown off from its sent. This brake is' absolutely necessary, if the reel is made large enough to be of any advantage, and by its actionthe reel is prevented 4from ying'round too far when the loom is worked fast. With the'ordinary tensionlspring u-lone, wehave'not been able to accomplish this object, and we have onlysuccedd to produce clear and 'even edges on the fabric to be woven, by upplyingthe broke in combination with lthe tension-'spring )It will be noticed that the action of the broke bearing on the circun'xtercnce of' the reels'unifornt, while thtt of the iig; 2,iindi cvntinlg the plane of section.

` tension-'springV bearing 'en the variable" diameter of 'the roll of thread Vwound-on the bobbin, regulates itself.-

according to the varying diameter of said roll. y K

The reel B. -isinserted between the cheek-pieces of the shuttle, one of which is provided with a. movable or elastic bridge-piece or spring-catch, d,r`\vvherebythe operation of inserting and removing said 'reel is materially fa'cilitnted. The shape of the shuttle is tapering from the eye towards its buck, so .thut the reelcan be readily Aput in. or taken out from the baci; ot' the shuttle, the cheek-pieces preventing the reel from being lifted out of placeund coming in contact with the warp, (sec Figure'S.) If desired, the bridge-piece muy be made to actas u brake' in combination with s. tension-springof any desired construction. 'The reel R' takes the place of the long quill generally used in shuttles forllooms, H through the worp, und which serves to produce the selv'edgcs-on both edges of the fabric to be woven.- By using the reel in place ot' the quill, o. large quantity of threcl'can' be put iii-the shuttle, und consequently the number of stoppages on the loom is decreased, and through the increased diumeter of the reel, und'lts'posluon in the shuttle in connection with the shuttle-eye, the drag on the eye is prevented, und the tlxread'isless liable to get und .lonit is wound the weft-thresd, which lis carried by the; shuttlebroken, thus producing a superior fabric, bothin quality and in quantity. AAs the shuttle passes'through the shed of the warp, the weft-thread is drawn oil from. the reel yprecisely in the same manneras itis drawn o' from the long quills in ordinary shuttles. l i A It will be readily understood that a. shuttle constructed as above stated, may be worked eitherjiorizontally or in an upright position, and two' or more shuttlescan be placed one above or behind the other. The top flange ofthe reel isvpierced, as clearly shown in Figure 6, so that the quantity-ot threadwound on said reel can be ascertained, and the time when a fresh supply of thread is 'reqpired can be readily determined. The shuttleeye y is oblong in a direction parallel tofthe axis ot'l the reel, so that the thread, in passing through said eye, is free to accommodate itself tothe spot en the reel from which it nnwinds, and any undue friction ofthe thread, as the same passes through the eye, or any tendency to raise the reel from its seat by the strain o f' the thread,

is prevented. The tension of the 'weft-thread is regulated by 'the spring c, as prevouslyfdescribed.

The pins which extend' from the ends of 'the lshuttle, fit into shuttle-carriers C, which areprovided ni'ith` suitable sockets apto receive the same, and these shuttle-carriers are provided with loose pegsf, which rise and fall by the actionof' cams g at the proper intervals, and which, as they rise, catch in suitable sockets or cavities in thepins b, (see Figure 12.) Instead of making the shuttle-carriers with sockets to receive ,the pins y Y they may be rnadeasshownin Figure 13, and 4in this case they are adapted for shuttles of the ordinary construction, and the pegsf* may beimade cross-shaped, to prevent the shuttle from tipping down. The shuttlecarriers'move backend forth on guide-bars z, which are secured in the top of the hatten, as shown in figs. 1 and 2 of the drawing, and motion is imparted to said shuttle-carriers by slide bars D, to which they are rigidly attached. i v i l.

' The side bars are situatedon opposite sides ot' the guide-bars, and they inove back and forth without rise` and fall. v:Their motionjisproduced by cog-wheels E, which geizrin teeth t', cut in the edges of the 'slide bars, and which are mounted on a shaft, j, to. which'an'oscillating or rocking motion is imparted by suitable niechl anism, vwhich will be hereinafter more fully described. The rack-teeth z' land `cog-wheels E, take the place of the cords Vand pulleys generally used for the purpose of imparting motion to the shuttles in loomsfon which a number of pieces are woven simultaneously. t l 7 'Y On tho sideot' each of' the cog-wheels E, and firmly attached thereto, or mounted on the shaft j, are cams F F, and these cams act against stops k, securedl to the outer surfaces ofthe slide bars D. Said cams are lso shaped, that by their action on the stops k, each slide bar is locked-until the proper time arrives for it to move. By this arrangement `the pins 6 o't the shuttles are enabled to enter the sockets of the shuttle-carriers without fail, v'and said shuttle-carriers are firmly retained in position until the pins ofthe shuttles havepassed into there to the required distance. The motion of the shaftj is produced by a chain, Z, which extends over a chain-wheel, ni, mounted on said 5shaft, and made to pass under a pulley or drum, n. This pulley or drum is mounted on ashaftb, to which a rocking motion is imparted by what is technically known as a Marionette ,-motion, or by anyother equivale-.nt mechanism. In looms of the ordinary construction, the Marionette-motion connects directly with" the shuttle motion, and the speed'of the shuttlesscannot be regulated. By interposihg the speed-pulley nf-betweenithe v Marionette-motion and the'shuttlc-motiou, we are enabled Yto regulate the speed of the shuttlessimplyby increasing or decreasing the diameter of said pulley, so that the speed-of the shuttles can b e reduced` to the 4smallest possible point, enabling theml to clear the work, and the speed of the loom` may be increuseilvin pfoportion. v l l v With the shuttle-motion of our loom We have combined a stopmotion, the action of which is based o n rising and falling spring-stop, s, which is depressed by a cam or eccentric, t, mounted pn the shaft-,7'` Itthe shuttle-motion works correctly, the depression of the spring-stop takes placepat such intervals that the same vwill clear the shoulder or olsct u in the'bar E. This baris supportedi by slotted brackets F,in -wh'ich it is permitted'to slide back and forth, and it'is provided with a hook, v, which catches in a hole in the springlever w. If the hook vis made to release this spring-levc'r, it folloyvs the action of'its spring, and causes the belt-shipper H to more in the direction of the arroiv marked on it fig. Y,and by this movement of the beltshipper, the driving-belt is thrown frornthc fast pulley I on the loose pulley I', and the motion of the loom stops,

If the shuttle-motion works correctly, nthe spring-stop .s is depressed-when the hatten or lay is at the backward end of its stroke, and in this oase, said' stop docs not eoine Ain contact with the shoulder u, but if the shuttlemotion from some reason becomes deranged, said spring-stop-is depressed dni-'ing the forward stroke of the hatten or lay, and striking the shoulder 1.', it causes the bar E to move in the dircctjor of the arrow marked on it'in fig. 1, and .the'hook 'u is immediately inavle to rele-ase the spring-lever w,'causlfng theloom to stop boilers the shuttle comes in contact with the fabric.

The stop-motion is rendered still more effective by a brake, G, formed by an 'arched strap, a/which extends over the fa'st pulley, and which is made to hear on the surface thereof, whenever the spring-st0p strikes the shoulder 11,. v i I* v .I Y

The batteri B; instead of being 'secured directly to the4 end'sfothc swords :xs-usual, is conibineduvith a parallel-motion, P, which may hc composed of four hingcdlcvers 2J, four linlts g, and two connecting-mds r, or which may be constructed in any other suitable manner. By the action of this parallelmotion the batten'is made to move in a horizontal plane, m' nearly s0, and thereby friction in the warp-tlireads is prevented, and the openings of the shed can bc reduced.

VThe pulleys I I arcniountcd on the main shaft K, which has its bearings in suitable boxes in the main frame of the loom, and on the end of this shaft, opposite to saidlpulleys, is secured the bevel-wheel bi, which gears in a similar bevel-wheel, c', on the ond of a. shaft, alf, which has its hearings in suitable arms or brackets secured to tlie main frame ofthe loom.

0n tlxeshnft d is mounted an ovl wheel, e', which gears in o correspondingly ovni wheel, f, mounted on a shaft, g', which has its bearingsin suitable arms orfbrookets, or iny the side pieces of c frame, J, which supports the principal mechanism oi' the hermoso-motion. f This herness-motion is Acomposed of arms L, each' oi' which is attached at one end to a long lever, M,and opeint'edby o circular or segmental chain-wheel, N, or any equivolent device, as will hepresontly explained. y v y In tho drawing, chain-wheels are shown, to which an oscillnting-m'otionis'imparted by moons of chains h', which pass over scid choin-wheels, 'and fromthe ends of whichrods i" are suspended. -Thcse rods poss through slots in arms or vibrators j', which project from Ao. rock-shaft,`]c, and' beur against the pntternfchcin, and said rods are provided with hooks, 1.",-wh`ioh are hinged, and so arrangodthat they con swing back, but they arelnot allowed to swing inwrdly or towords each other lbeyond a certain point, 'as seen particularly in iig. 8 of the drawing.

- Betweentherodsjif 4end 'lioots Z' extendsthejcniie),A which moves unnnddorzn on verticolgaidebars mf,

and'to which motion is imparted by rods n', which extend from its ends to eccentric' `s aisnpins o', secured 'in Y disks p. These disks nre mounted on the shaft g', which receives onv irregular revolving motion'by the oval wheels o'f, and, by this irregular motion of said shaft, the harness-motion is so timed that the Wzirpthrecde are exposed to the least possible strain, and, consequently, thespeed of the loom' con be increased.

' As the knife O passes up,'the hooks l ere'pressecl be'clqbut when the knife descendre/it catches into such of the hoolcsas nre brought in the proper positiomby the pdttern-ehain, and the corresponding heddlos arev raised or depressed.` rIlhis motion is edccted as follows: Each heddle-frnme is suspended by cords 'cr wiresfrom elbow-levers g', which have .their fulcro er1-suitable cross-buveur pins in the top ruil of the loom, and which also connect, by suitable cords or wires, with the top ends of the lolng levers M, as already shown in dg. l of tho drawing. F rom tlie'undor edges of the heddle-fremes extend cords or wires round pulleys r,in the bottom part of the loom, and these cordsor vwires are attached to the lower ends of theV long levers M. Erich ofatheso long levers connects with one of the chain-wheels N, and from each simili-'wheelA are suspended tivo rods, one

on either sideof the knife O, as shown in iig. 3. These rods pass through theiry slotted arm or vibrator, .7", end if this urm or vibrator is pressed back by the notion of the pattern-chain, as shown in said figure, the kniet),

in descending, catches in the hook of the outer rod z", and the chain-wheel N is turned in the direction of the arrow, mnrkcd thereon, in lig.. 3. By this motion'of the chain-wheel,` thoor'm L, attached theretogis enused to' more in the direction of the arrow marked on it, andthel hefldle-frnmo ettoched ito its long levcr'is raised. f

the patterncbuinrevolves, und the slotted :ivm j is permitted to move out in the direction of the error; ninrliod thereon, the hook attached tothe inner rod 'i' is brought in such e. position that the knife, on itseuhsequent descent, will catch in the same, and thereby scid inner rod will be carried dowmend the heddlo-i`rome, ettnched to thelong levelMsdepissed" v It is obvious that, by these' means cach heddle-frame can remain in on elevated or depressed position for any number of picks, cs indicated'bythe pattern-chain, and said heddle-frames are not permitted to descend er riseuntil-thc corresponding slotted arms or vibrators j are permitted to drop. l v

Ii' desired, a. suitable locking-device, such as aiweuk springer brake, maybeapplie'd to the long levers, to connterbnlanco the weight of 'the heddle-frames, and to kept'hessame up or down, .as long asnnioy he required, .by the pattern-chain. 1 v

If desired, the chain-wheels N n night berreplaced by'cog-wheels or toothed segmentsfand, in-this ense, the

-npper ends of the rods t" would have to be formed into toothedracks, or said-rods wonldhsve to he connected to, toothed racks.

.The arms L, instead of being pivoted to the chain-wheels, might be provided with cogs in either edge, which could be mode Vto gear in cog-wheels or pinions attnched'to' the slides of.the chain-wheels, or mounted on the same shaft with said chain-wheels, and close to the ssme. All suchohunges we would consider equivdlents to the devices previously described, and represented inthe drawing. f

The pattern-chcin Q is constrnoted'in the ordinary manner, with the exception that the pins or studs r are secured in the `same in -such a manner that theyl canbe readily put in or removed by pressure. This object is e'ected by placing, under `oid pins or studs, elastic' cushions, s', sothat, after th'eT-shaped Shanks of the same 'have been introduced through the slots t', in the lctves of the'pnttcrnchain, (see Figure LL) and turned so as t6 Vbring the heads of the Shanks ct right ongles to the slots, the elastic cushions will force hen-ds .into recesses it', on the inner surfaces of the leaves, vendthe'stnds or pins are firmly held in. position. By depressing one of the'atnds againstthc elastic cushion, until the head oil-its shank.clearsltherrccess :it the inn'er .surface of the' lesf, seid stud or pin con be turned nndremoved. By these means, the operation of inserting. ond removing the studs is rendered easy, und the pa'ttermchnin can be changed with little trouble or loss of time.

What-we claim as new, and desire to seoure'byli'etters Ietent, is

1. The combination of a. brake, calor d, with the tensionspring o, reel R, end shuttle S, substantially os` and for the purpose set forth.

2. The spring-catch or bridge-piece. in combination with the shuttle S and reel R,vconstruoted und oper;

ating substantinlly'a's and for the purpose described.

3. The loose peg f, in combination withtho shuttleicarriers C, vguide-bers It, cams end shuttle S, constructed und operating substentisily us and for the purpose set forth.. v

4. The arrangement of slide hars l), moving on the top .of the hottes, in o @Might line, without rise and fall, having uprights attached thereto with holes in to receives loose peg or stud cept-ibis shottle, cach pcg or stud receiving motion by o com or its equivalent, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

5, The arran'vement of cams F, attached to or formell bythe cog-wheels E, in combination `with stops lc on thgdsde bars D, substantially as and for the purpose described, v 6. The arrangement of. a cam and ecceiitrict, attached to.and operated by clleslmflz` hatif-car-ies the shuttle-actuating devices, and, in cogibination'ltlierewith,the spring-Sto?, bar E,` and belt-shipper-VH, (Eon.`

lstruoted anfl operating substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

. I I. u i i* A I i I 7. 'The arrangement of a brake, G, in combination with 'ihc stop-motion and shuttle-motion, consti-acted and operating substantially as and for the p urpose described. v I' 8. Operating the harness lbyfchains,and chain-Wheels N, and levers L llL-n'svubstantially as and for the purr pose set forth. L

P 9. A liarness-motion, composed ofloose arms L, each of which is pivoted atene end toa le'vvr, M, and alii` the opposite engl to a circular or segmental chain-wheel N, substantially as and fox- Ithe purposeu'descgibed. f i.

10. The vibrators 27", in combination with the ms i', carrying the hooks" Z', andjvith the interveningknifo O am] pattern-chain Q, eonstmetfifneratng `smbstrmtially as'and for tllepixrpose sebforth.

l1. The arrangement of elastic springs or cushions under the pins or .studs of fthe pattern-chain, in c ombination with the T-hended sha-fnks of said pins or studs, and with suitable ridges or cavities on the inner surfaces of the several leaves of' the pattern-chain, snbstantiallyas and for the pnxpose'desi :rilu ,l. v Q BENJAMIN OLDFIELD,

. .EDWIN OLDFIELDff:

Witnesses:

J. VAN SANNoonn, W. HAUFF. 

